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Mushrooms - Jolly Phonics Level 3 Readers
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Mushrooms and toadstools are a sort
of fungus. Some are edible, but some
are poisonous. It is very difficult to tell
them apart.
Mushrooms and toadstools have a stem
that comes up from the ground with
a cap on top. Under the cap, there
are lines running out from the middle.
These lines are called gills.
On the gills are spores. Spores are the
seeds of mushrooms and toadstools.
There are thousands of spores on the gills
of a mushroom.
The spores travel
I on the wind. When
they land, they develop small white
threads. Mushrooms or toadstools
develop from these threads.
Mushrooms and toadstools do not have
roots. Instead the small white threads
spread out from the stem under the
ground. The stem is made up of these
threads.
Mushrooms are often found in rings.
The threads under the ground travel out
and so the ring gets a bit bigger. The
threads and mushrooms in the middle
of the ring die.
Mushrooms and toadstools start out
looking like small buttons. The gills
under the cap cannot be seen as the
skin on the top is attached to the stem.
As the mushroom or toadstool gets
bigger, the skin stretches until it rips.
You can see the ring of skin on the stem
where it was attached.
Mushrooms and toadstools use the
threads under the ground to get food. A
liquid seeps out of the threads and into
the soil, or wood,
where the mushroom
is. This liquid makes the dead stuff in
the soil, or wood,
liquid too. The threads
then take in all this liquid as food, and
it travels up the stem to the rest of the
mushroom or toadstool.
Mushrooms and toadstools are found in
woods, on trees, in dark damp spots, as
well as in gardens.
The deathcap toadstool is very poisonous.
It has a little cup at the bottom of the
stem. It starts with a pointed white cap,
but as it gets bigger, the cap gets flatter
and darker. It has a sweet, sickly smell.
Bracket fungus is found on trees. It rots
the wood of the tree. Bracket fungus
can get very big. Some live on dead
wood, but some attack living trees.
These mushrooms are shaggy inkcaps.
The cap twists up and a dark liquid
drips to the ground. They are often
seen on the side of roads or on rubbish
dumps.
Puffballs are round, white mushrooms.
They can get as big as footballs. When
they are ripe, they explode and a cloud
of spores puffs out.
This is a stinkhorn. It starts as a small,
white ball. When it gets bigger, it has
a dark cap. The cap is very smelly. This
smell attracts flies.
The fungus called dead man's fingers is
found on tree stumps. It is black on the
outside but white on the inside. It has
a short, twisted stem which gets bigger
at the top so they look a bit like fingers,
which is where it gets its name from.
Truffles are a sort of fungus that
develop under the ground. Truffles are
used in cooking and are very expensive.
Pigs can smell truffles. Farmers train
pigs to root out the truffles.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/10UrSZY4nXFTtZ8yJbrPmfXRHw8_l1lt_/view?usp=drivesdk You can download this PDF file there 👆
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